áåñïëàòíûå ðåôåðàòû

Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì

Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì

 

Ìèíèñòåðñòâî òîïëèâà è ýíåðãåòèêè Ðîññèè.

Åêàòåðèíáóðãñêèé ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèé òåõíèêóì

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ÊÓÐÑÎÂÎÉ   ÏÐÎÅÊÒ

 

ïî ïðåäìåòó “Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì”

 

Òåìà: Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü 110 êÂ

 

ÊÏ  2102 Ñ-514-Ý

 

 

                                                                   Ðàçðàáîòàë:

Óãðåíåâ Ñ.Å.

                                                                Ðóêîâîäèë:

Òåëåãèíà È.À.

 

 

 

 

 

 

1999ã.

    

                              

 

      

 

        

 

 

 

 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

Îöåíêà

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ïîÿñíèòåëüíàÿ çàïèñêà.

ÊÏ 2102 Ñ-514-Ý
ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ:

                                                                                              ñòð.

Ââåäåíèå                                                                                                

1.Âûáîð òèïà è ìîùíîñòè ñèëîâûõ òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ                  

2. Ñîñòàâëåíèå âàðèàíòîâ ñõåì ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñåòè è

    ðàñ÷åò äâóõ èç íèõ ïðè ìàêñèìàëüíûõ íàãðóçêàõ                        

3. Òåõíèêî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ñðàâíåíèå äâóõ âûáðàííûõ

    âàðèàíòîâ ñåòè                                                                                  

4.Îêîí÷àòåëüíûé ðàñ÷åò îïòèìàëüíîãî âàðèàíòà ñõåìû

   ïðîåêòèðóåìîé ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñåòè                                               

5.Îïðåäåëåíèå íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà øèíàõ ïîäñòàíöèè                          

6.Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû                                                                          


ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ

  Ñèñòåìîîáðàçóþùàÿ ñåòü ÅÝÑ Ðîññèè ñôîðìèðîâàíà ýëåêòðè÷åñêèìè ñåòÿìè íàïðÿæåíèÿ 220-1150 ê îò Áàéêàëà äî Êàëèíèíãðàäà, îáùåé ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ áîëåå 148 òûñ. êì.

  Íàëè÷èå ïðîòÿæåííîé åäèíîé ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû ïîçâîëÿåò èñïîëüçîâàòü ìàêñèìóìîâ íàãðóçêè ïî ÷àñîâûì ïîÿñàì ñóììàðíûì ýôôåêòîì äî 8 ìëí.êÂò.

   Ðàçâèòèå ñèñòåìîîáðàçóþùåé ñåòè äîëæíî îñóùåñòâëÿòüñÿ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì äâóõ ñèñòåì íîìèíàëüíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé 110-220-500-1150 ê íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè è 110-330-750 ê â çàïàäíîé ÷àñòè ÎÝÑ Öåíòðà è ÎÝÑ Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäà.

   ïåðèîä äî 2010ã. íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè Åâðîïåéñêîé òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè , âêëþ÷àÿ Ñåâåðíûé Êàâêàç ,  â Ñèáèðè è íà Äàëüíåì Âîñòîêå ñòàíåò ðàçâèâàòüñÿ ñëîæíàÿ ìíîãîêîëüöåâàÿ ñåòü íàïðÿæåíèåì 500 êÂ.  çàïàäíûõ ðàéîíàõ äëÿ âûäà÷è ìîùíîñòè ÀÝÑ çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèå ëèíèé 750 êÂ.

   1995 ãîäó â ýíåðãîñèñòåìàõ Ðîññèè íàïðÿæåíèåì 110 ê è âûøå ýêñïëóàòèðîâàëîñü îêîëî 440 òûñ. êì ÂË è ïî÷òè      530 ìëí.êÂÀ îáùåé òðàíñôîðìàòîðíîé ìîùíîñòè.

  Äëÿ ïåðåäà÷è èçáûòêîâ ìîùíîñòè èç âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè ÎÝÑ Ñèáèðè â çàïàäíûå ýíåðãîñèñòåìû è ÷åðåç Êàçàõñòàí íà Þæíûé Óðàë çàâåðøàåòñÿ ñòðîèòåëüñòâî ÂË 1150 ê Èòàò-Áàðíîóë . Åå âêëþ÷åíèå óâåëè÷èò ïðîïóñêíóþ ñïîñîáíîñòü ýëåêòðîìàãèñòðàëè â îòäåëüíûõ ñå÷åíèÿõ íà 800  ÌÂò. Äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ  ñâÿçè ìåæäó âîñòî÷íîé è åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòÿìè ÅÝÑ Ðîññèè ïîñëå 2000ã. íàìå÷àåòñÿ ñîîðóæåíèÿ ÂË-1150 ê Ñèáèðü-Óðàë , êîòîðàÿ ïðîéäåò ïî òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè.

  Òåì íå ìåíåå ïðîïóñêíàÿ ñïîñîáíîñòü ñåòè âñå åùå íå äîñòàòî÷íà.

   Â ïåðñïåêòèâå áóäóò ðàçâèâàòüñÿ ñâÿçè ÅÝÑ Ðîññèè ñ ýíåðãîñèñòåìàìè çàðóáåæíûõ ñòðàí ïî ñëåäóþùèì íàïðàâëåíèÿì:

1. Óâåëè÷åíèå ýêñïîðòíûõ ïîñòàâîê ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè â Ôèíëÿíäèþ (2õ öåïíàÿ ÂË-330 ê è ÂË-400 êÂ).

2. Ýêñïîðò ìîùíîñòè è ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè â Ãåðìàíèþ( ëèíèÿ

 ïîñòîÿííîãî òîêà 4000 ÌÂò íà 500 êÂ).

3. Óâåëè÷åíèå ýêñïîðòíûõ ïîñòàâîê ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè èç Ðîññè â ñòðàíû âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû ÷åðåç Óêðàèíó.

4. Ýêñïîðò ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè èç âîñòî÷íûõ ðåãèîíîâ è Ñèáèðè â Êèòàé.

5. Ýêñïîðò ìîùíîñòè è ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè èç Êàëèíèíãðàäñêîé ýíåðãîñèñòåìû â Áåëîðóñèþ , Ïîëüøó , Ãåðìàíèþ .

Íîâûå òåíäåíöèè: â ïåðñïåêòèâíîé ñòðóêòóðå ýëåêòðîïîòðåáëåíèÿ áóäóò îïðåäåëÿòüñÿ â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü èçìåíåíèåì ñîîòíîøåíèÿ ìåæäó äîëåé ïðîìûøëåííîãî è êîììóíàëüíî-áûòîâîãî ýëåêòðîïîòðåáëåíèÿ. Íà ïðîèçâîäñòâî åäèíèöû ñîïîñòàâèìîé ïðîäóêöèè áîëüøèíñòâî ðîññèéñêèõ çàâîäîâ çàòðà÷èâàþò â 2-3 ðàçà áîëüøå ýíåðãèè è òîïëèâà, ÷åì èõ çàðóáåæíûå êîíêóðåíòû.

Ïðè÷èíû:

      1.Èçíîøåííîå îáîðóäîâàíèå ìíîãèõ ïðåäïðèÿòèé.

      2.Íèçêèé íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèé óðîâåíü ïðîìûøëåííîñòè,

           îñîáåííî â ÷àñòè ýíåðãîñáåðåãàþùèõ òåõíîëîãèé.

      3.Ðåêîíñòðóêöèÿ ýíåðãîîáîðóäîâàíèÿ äîëæíà ñî÷åòàòü

       äåìîíòàæ óñòàðåâøåãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ, çàìåíó åãî íîâûì

      áîëåå ýêîíîìè÷íûì è ýêîëîãè÷åñêè ÷èñòûì, è ïðîäëåíèå

       ñðîêîâ ñëóæáû îáîðóäîâàíèÿ âûñîêîãî äàâëåíèÿ ïóòåì

       çàìåíû âûðàáîòàâøèõ ñâîé ðåñóðñ óçëîâ è äåòàëåé.

 Ñåðüåçíàÿ ïðîáëåìà äëÿ âñåõ ñòðàí ÑÍà - ñòàðåíèå îáîðóäîâàíèÿ ýëåêòðîñòàíöèé è ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ñåòåé. Áîëåå 60% îáîðóäîâàíèÿ ýêñïëóàòèðóåòñÿ ñâûøå 15 ëåò, â òîì ÷èñëå áîëåå 40% ñâûøå 25 ëåò. Ñðîê ñëóæáû ÷àñòè ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ñåòåé ïðåâûøàåò 30 ëåò.

[ 5 , ñòð.   6-7 ]

1.ÂÛÁÎР ÒÈÏÀ  È  ÌÎÙÍÎÑÒÈ ÑÈËÎÂÛÕ  ÒÐÀÍÑÔÎÐÌÀÒÎÐÎÂ


1.1. Ñîñòàâëåíèå áàëàíñà ìîùíîñòè ïî ÏÑ


     Äëÿ ñîñòàâëåíèÿ áàëàíñà ìîùíîñòè íåîáõîäèìî îïðåäåëèòü

     íàãðóçêè ÏÑ íà øèíàõ íèçêîãî è ñðåäíåãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ.


S=P/cos       (1)

Q= (2)

 

W=Pmax Tmax     (3)

 

Ðåçóëüòàòû ðàñ÷åòîâ ñâîäèì â òàáëèöó 1.

Òàáëèöà 1. 


ÏÑ

øèíû

Pmax ÌÂò

Qmax ÌÂàð

Smax ÌÂÀ

Tmax ÷àñ

cos

W

ÌÂò ÷

1

ÍÍ10êÂ

28

13,6

31,1

5700

0,9

159600

2

ÍÍ35êÂ

12

5,7

13,3

4700

0,9

56400

3

ÑÍ35êÂ

18

8,7

20

3500

0,9

63000


ÍÍ10Êâ

10

4,8

11,1

3500

0,9

35000

     

Ï.Ñ.1

Síîì ò.=31.1 0.7=21.77


Ï.Ñ.2

Síîì ò.=13.3 0.7=9.31


Ï.Ñ.3

Sìàõ ï.ò.=Ö(18+10)2+(8.7+4.8)2=31.1ÌÂÀ

Síîì.ò.=31.1 0.7=21.77


1.2 Âûáîð êîëè÷åñòâà è ìîùíîñòè òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ íà ïîäñòàíöèè:


      íà ÏÑ1-2 2õîáìîòî÷íûõ òðàíñôîðìàòîðà  ÒÐÄÍ25000/110/10


      íà ÏÑ2-2 2õîáìîòî÷íûõ òðàíñôîðìàòîðà  ÒÄÍ10000/110/10


      íà ÏÑ3-2 3õîáìîòî÷íûõ òðàíñôîðìàòîðà   ÒÄÒÍ 25000/110/35/10

  






     ò.ê. åñòü ïîòðåáèòåëè I è II êàòåãîðèè.


Ïðè óñòàíîâêå 2õ  òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ ìîùíîñòü êàæäîãî òðàíñôîðìàòîðà âûáèðàåòñÿ ïîðÿäêà 70% îò ìàêñèìàëüíîé íàãðóçêè ÏÑ


Snom.òð(0,650,7)Smax.ÏÑ

 

Ïî ñïðàâî÷íèêó[6,ñòð109-111] âûáèðàåòñÿ áëèæàéøèé ïî ìîùíîñòè òðàíñôîðìàòîð.

Äëÿ òðåõ îáìîòî÷íîãî òðàíñôîðìàòîðà


Smax.ÏÑ=Ö(Pí+Ðñ)2+(Qí+Qc)2 (4)


        1.3.Ïðîâåðÿåì ïðàâèëüíî ëè âûáðàíû òðàíñôîðìàòîðû ïî

   êîýôôèöèåíòó çàãðóçêè  ïðè íîðìàëüíîì è ïîñëåàâîðèéíîì

   ðåæèìå ïî ôîðìóëàì:

 

Êç=(Smax.ÏÑ100%)/(2Snom.òð(ñïð))  â íîðìàëüíîì ðåæèìå  (5)

 

Êç=(Smax.ÏÑ100%)/Snom.òð(ñïð)  â ïîñëåàâîðèéíîì ðåæèìå  (6)

 

Äëÿ íîðìàëüíîãî ðåæèìà: Êç100%


Êç(ÏÑ1)=(31.1 100%)/(2 25)=62.2%

Êç(ÏÑ2)=(13.3 100)/(2 10)=66.5%

Kç(ÏÑ)=(31.1 100)/(2 25)=62.2%

 

Äëÿ ïîñëåàâîðèéíîãî ðåæèìà: Êç140%


Êç(ÏÑ1)=(31.1 100)/25=124.4%

 

Êç(ÏÑ2)=(13.3 100)/10=133%

 

Kç(ÏÑ)=(31.1 100)/25=124.4%

 

Óñëîâèå âûïîëíÿåòñÿ , çíà÷èò òðàíñôîðìàòîðû âûáðàíû ïðàâèëüíî. Çàíîñèì äàííûå òðàíñôîðìàòîðà â òàáëèöó 2.


Òàáëèöà 2.

 

ÏÑ

Êàòåãîðèè

ïîòðåáëåí.

Smax

ÌÂÀ

×èñëî

òð-ðîâ

Snom.òð-ðîâ

ÌÂÀ

Êîýôôèöèåíò çàãðóçêè

íîðì. ðåæèì

ïîñëåàâîð. ðåæèì

1

I,II,III

31.1

2

25

62.2

124.4

2

I,II,III

13.3

2

10

66.5

133

3

I,II,III

31.1

2

25

62.2

124.4


1.4. Îïðåäåëÿåì ïàðàìåòðû òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ ïî ñïðàâî÷íèêó [6,ñòð109-111] :

Òàáëèöà 3

 

 

ÏÑ

Òèï

òðàíñôîð-

ìàòîðà

Ñïðàâî÷íûå äàííûå

Ðàñ÷åòíûå äàííûå

Unom  êÂ

Põõ

R     ;  Îì

X   ;  Îì

Qõõ

ÂÍ

ÑÍ

ÍÍ

êÂò

ÂÍ

ÑÍ

ÍÍ

ÂÍ

ÑÍ

ÍÍ

êÂàð

1

ÒÐÄÍ 25000/110/10          

115

-

10.5

25      

3,06

-

-

58.36

-

-

  175

2

ÒÄÍ 10000/110/35

115

-

11

14

7,9

-

-

136.5

-

-

70

 

ÒÄÒÍ

25000/110/35/10

115

38,5

11,0

28,5

1.5

1.5

1.5

59.7

0

37.5

175

3                                

 

4                               1.5.Ðàñ÷åò ïðèâåäåííûõ íàãðóçîê ïîäñòàíöèè â ÌÂÀ.

5                                


Ïîäñòàíöèÿ  1

 

 

28.16+j15.52                 28.11+j15.19              1.53+j29.18       

 


                       0.05+j0.33                                                         0.11+j2.13                                       28+j13.6  







;(7)


DSîá.í=282+13.62/ 1152 (1.53+j29.18)= 0.11+j2.13

 

  S/=S+DSîá.=28+j13.6+0.11+j2.13=28.11+j15.19


  Sïð=S/+Sõõ;=28.11+j15.19+0.05+j0.33=28.16+j15.52



Ïîäñòàíöèÿ  2




12.138+j6.1                12.11+j5.96               3,95+J69.5

 




                 0.028+j0.18                                                   0.11+j2.13                                         12+j5.7




DSoá.í=122 +5.72/ 1152 (8.38+j68.25)=0.11+j0.89


  S/=S+DSîá.í=12+j5.7+0.11+j0.89=12.11+j5.96


  Sïð=S/+Sõõ=12.11+j5.96+0.028+j0.14=12.138+j6.1







Ïîäñòàíöèÿ  3                                                      18.023+j8.7              0.75+j0               

                                                                                                                             18+J8.7

 


28.169+j16.198        28.079+j15.748            0.75+j29.85            28.029+j13.6

                                                                                                     0.023+j0 

 




                        0.09+j0.45                 0.05+j2.08                                           10.0+j4.97                                          10+J405


                                                                                                   0.006+J0.168



DSîá.í=102+4.82/1152(0.75+j18.75)=0.006+j0.168


DSîá.ñ=182+8.72/1152(0.75+j0)=0.023+j0


S/í=Sí+DSîá.í=10+j4.8+0.006+j0.168=10.006+j4.968


S/c=Sc+DSîá.ñ=18+j8.7+0.023+j0=18.023+j8.7


Sâ=S/ñ+S/í=18.023+j8.7+10.006+j4.968=28.029+j13.668


DSîá.â=28.0292+13.6682/1152(0.75+j29.85)=0.05+j2.08


S/â=Sâ+DSîá.â=28.029+j13.668+0.05+j2.08=28.079+j15.748


S=S/â+DSõõ=28,079+j15.748+0.09+j0.45=28.169+j16.198




















  2.ÑÎÑÒÀÂËÅÍÈÅ ÂÀÐÈÀÍÒÎÂ ÑÕÅÌ

ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÑÅÒÈ È ÐÀÑ×¨Ò ÄÂÓÕ ÈÇ

ÍÈÕ ÏÐÈ ÌÀÊÑÈÌÀËÜÍÛÕ ÍÀÃÐÓÇÊÀÕ

2,1 Ñîñòàâëåíèå âàðèàíòîâ ñõåì ñåòè.

 


N                Êîíôèãóðàöèÿ ñõåìû                 äëèííà     äëèííà       êîë-âî âûêëþ÷à-

                                                                                           òðàññû   ïðîâîäà       òåëåé íà âûñîêîì

                                                                             êì.           êì.           íàïðÿæåíèè.        

                                                                                                                    À-2

                                                                          1-3  

                                                                                                                    2-3

1                                                                         156           156                  3-3

                                                                                                                 Èòîãî 11

 





                                                                                                                     À-6

                                                                                                                      1-2

2                                                                                                                    2-2

                                                                           151            302                   3-2 

                                                                                                                 Èòîãî 12

 






                                                                                                                      À-4   

3                                                                                                                     1-2 

                                                                                                                       2-2

                                                                                                                       3-2       

                                                                            121           242              Èòîãî 10         


 













                                                                                                                 À-4     

                                                                                                                  1-2

4                                                                                                                2-2

                                                                           186           224                3-2

                                                                                                               Èòîãî 12  


 











   Ïî êîëè÷åñòâó âûêëþ÷àòåëåé, äëèíå òðàññû, äëèíå ïðîâîäà

âûáèðàåì âàðèàíòû 1è3.



























2.ÑÎÑÒÎÂËÅÍÈÅ ÂÀÐÈÀÍÒΠÑÕÅÌ ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÑÅÒÈ È ÐÀÑ×ÅÒ ÄÂÓÕ ÈÇ ÍÈÕ ÏÐÈ ÌÀÊÑÈÌÀËÜÍÛÕ ÍÀÃÐÓÇÊÀÕ

2.1.Ñîñòîâëåíèå âàðèàíòîâ ñõåì ñåòè.

Òàáëèöà  4

N âàðèàíòà

 

Êîíôèãóðàöèÿ ñõåìû

äëèííà òðàññû

êì

äëèííà ïðîâîäà

êì

Êîëè÷åñòâî âûêëþ÷àòåëåé íà âû-ñîêîì íàïðÿæåíèè


 

 

 

1

           1

 

 

 

 

                                       2

      À

 

 

 

 

170

 

 

 

170

 

 

 

ÏÑ À+ÏÑ1+ÏÑ2

2+3+3=8


 

 

 

2

     1

 

 

 

À

 

                                         2

 

 

 

95

 

 

 

190

 

 

 

2+2+2=6


 

 

 

3

             1






À

                                      2

 

 

 

120

 

 

 

240

 

 

 

2+2+2=6

 

 

 

4


 

 

 

  Ïî êîëè÷åñòâó âûêëþ÷àòåëåé , äëèíå òðàññû è äëèíå ïðîâîäà âûáåðåì áîëåå ýêîíîìè÷íûå âàðèàíòû 1 è 4 .

 

 

 

 

Âàðèàíò N1.

                    1      Sïð=28.16+j15.52

À                                          2   

                                                Sïð=12.138+j6.1



                                3                      

    .                                Sïð=28.169+j16.198

                              



Ïðåâðàùàåì êîëüöåâóþ ñåòü â ëèíèþ ñ äâóõñòîðîííèì ïèòàíèåì.



   À                                                                                                                                À1

                  38êì                     37êì                             35êì                         46êì                

 




                          28+j15.52               12.138+j6.1                 28.169+j16.198


(8)

 


SA=[(28,16+j15.52 )118+(12.138+j6.1)81+(28.169+j16.198)46]/156=

=5601.832+j3070.568/156=35.9+j19.7

SA/=(28.16+j15.52)38+(12.138+j6.1)75+(28.169+J16.198)110=

=5078.99+j2829.04/156=32.6+j18.1

 

Äåëàåì ïðîâåðêó

SA+SA/=   (9)

68.5+j37.8=68.5+j37.8

 

Íàõîäèì ìîùíîñòè íà êàæäîì ó÷àñòêå è òî÷êó òîêîðàñïðåäèëåíèÿ.


 

À                                                                                                                                    A/

 35.9+j19.7             1  7.74+j4.18    2   4.43+j1.9   3.     32.6+j18.1              





                           28.16+j15.52    12.14+j6.1      28.17+j16.2

                               



Ïîäñ÷èòûâàåì òîêè íà êàæäîì ó÷àñòêå è âûáåðåì ñå÷åíèå ïî ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ïëîòíîñòè òîêà. Äëÿ êîëüöåâîé ñåòè íàõîäèì Òñð.


; (10)


Tcp=28.16*5700+12.14*4700+28.17*3500/28.16+12.14+28.17=4617.57 ÷.



Ó÷àñòîê 3-2

Imax=;  (11)

 


Imax=Ö4.432+1.92/Ö3*110*103=25À


Ó÷àñòîê 2-1

 


Imax2-1= Ö7.742+4.182/Ö3*110*103=46À


Ó÷àñòîê À-1

 


ImaxA-1=Ö35.92+19.72/Ö3*110*103=214À


Ó÷àñòîê À1-3


Imax=Ö32.62+18.12/Ö3*110*103=196A



            Âûáîð ñå÷åíèÿ ïðîâîäîâ ìåòîäîì ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ èíòåðâàëîâ.

 

 

Ið = Iìàõ * ai * aò


Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà À1-3


Ip=196*1.05*1=205.8A


                                     
 Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà 3-2


Ip=25*1.05*1=26.25A


Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà 2-1


Ip=46*1.05*1=48.3A


Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà 1-À


Ip=214*1.05*1=224.7


    Ïî êàðòå äëÿ Ñåâåðíîãî Óðàëà ðàéîí  II.

Îïîðû – æåëåçîáåòîí, ëèíèÿ îäíîöåïíàÿ, ðàéîí Ñèáèðè.


Äàííûå ñâîäèì â òàáëèöó:


ó÷àñòîê

Smax: ÌÂÀ

Imax:

A

Ip

A

Fct

mm2

Iäîï

À

Iï.àâ

À

À1-3

35,9

196

205,8

240

610

410

3-2

7,74

25

26,25

120

390

241

2-1

4,43

46

48,3

120

390

241

1-À

32,6

214

224,7

240

610

410




Ïðîâåðêà âûáðàííûõ ïðîâîäîâ ïî íàãðåâó â àâàðèéíîì ðåæèìå.




À  68.5+j37.8         40.31+j22.3            28.17+j16.2                                               A1

                                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                     

                                                                                              

                                                                                           

                  28,16+j15.52           12.14+j6.1           28.17+j16.2



Iàâ1-2=Iàâ3-2=ÖP2+Q2/Ö3*U=241A         

Iàâ1-À=Iàâ3-A1=410A


Iàâ£Iäîï

Âûáðàííûå ñå÷åíèÿ ïðîâîäà ïðîõîäÿò ïî íàãðåâó.






ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÛ ËÈÍÈÉ.

 

 

ëèíèÿ

 

äëèíà.êì

 

ìàðêà ïðîâîäà

 

Óäåëüíûå ïàðàìåòðû

 

Ðàñ÷¸òíûå ïàðàìåòðû

r0

Îì/êì

õ0

Îì/êì

q0

Ìâàð/êì

R1

Îì

X1

ÎÌ

Qc

Mâàð

À1-3

46

ÀÑ-240

0,120

0,405

0,0375

5,52

18,63

1,73

3-2

35

ÀÑ-140

0,249

0,427

0,0355

8,72

14,95

1,24

2-1

37

ÀÑ-140

0,249

0,427

0,0355

9,21

15,80

1,31

1-À

38

ÀÑ-240

0,120

0,405

0,0375

4,56

15,39

1,43

 

Ðàñ÷¸ò âåä¸ì ïî ôîðìóëàì:  R=Ro*l/n;   X=Xo*l/n;   Qc=n*Qo*l.


Ñîñòàâëÿåì ñõåìó çàìåùåíèÿ ñåòè:



 A                                           1                                               2                                                     3                                   A1

            4.56+j15.39                  9.21+j15.8                       8.72+j14.95                          5.52+j18.63                                             

 


  


   j0.72               j0.72           j0.66                 j0.66        j0.62                   j0.62           j0.86          j0.86


                             28.16+j15.52                  12.14+j6.1                             28.17+j16.2         

           


Ïîäñ÷èòûâàåì ðàñ÷¸òíûå íàãðóçêè ÏÑ è óïðîùàåì ñõåìó çàìåùåíèÿ ñåòè;


Sp1= Snp1-j(Qc1/2+Qc2/2)=28.16+j15.52-(0.72+0.66)=28.16+j14.14

Sp2=12.14+j6.1-j(0.66+0.62)=12.14+j4.82

Sp3=28.17+j16.2-j(0.62+0.86)=28.17+j14.72


A         35.9+j17.2          1          7.7+j3.1             2           4.4+j1.7               3           32.6+j16.4       A1

                                                                                                                                            



   j0.72                        28.16+j14.14                  12.14+j4.82                      28.17+j14.72         j0.86



Íàõîäèì ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ìîùíîñòåé â ñõåìå ñ ó÷¸òîì äåéñòâèòåëüíûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ

ëèíèé ïî ôîðìóëàì:








 PA=GAAå(PiRiA+QiXiA)+BAAå(PiXiA-QiRiA)

 

 QA=-GAAå(PiXiA-QiXiA)+BAAå(PiRiA+QiXiA)      ãäå,


 GAA=RAA/R2AA+X2AA          BAA=XAA/R2AA+X2AA


GAA=28.01/28.012+64.772 =0.0056                   BAA=64.77/28.012+64.772=0.013


PA=0.0056(28.2*23.45+12.1*14.24+28.2*5.52+14.1*49.38+4.8*33.58+14.7*

*18.63)+0.013(28.2*49.38+12.1*33.58+28.2*18.63-14.1*23.45+4.8*14.24+

+14.7*5.52)=35.95


QA=-0.0056*1844.059+0.013*2120.561=17.24


SA=35.9+j17.2


PA1=0.0056(28.2*22.49+12.1*13.77+28.2*4.56+14.7*46.14+4.8*31.9+14.1*

*15.39)+0.013(28.2*46.14+12.1*31.9+28.2*15.39-14.7+22.49+4.8*13.77+

+14.1*4.56)=32.65


QA1=-0.0056*1660.141+0.013*1977.804=16.4


SA1=32.6+j16.4


Ïðîâåðêà: SA+SA=S1p+S2p+S3p

                          68.5+j33.6=28.2+j14.1+12.1+j4.8+28.2+j14.7


Ëèíèÿ ñ äâóõñòîðîííèì ïèòàíèåì ðàçäåëÿåòñÿ â òî÷êå ïîòîêîðàçäåëà íà

äâå ðàäèàëüíûå ëèíèè:

 


                       35+j18.1  7.75+j4                                                  4.4+j1.7  32.6+j14.4   






 

       j0.72                      28.2+j14.1       7.7+j3.1         4.4+j1.7                 28.2+j14.7          j0.86


                  0.61+j2.06              0.052+j0.9                              0.016+j0.027          0.6+j2.04

 

 

Ó÷àñòîê 1-2


Sê=7.7+3.1

DSë=Pk2+Qk2/Uí2(Rë+Xë)=7.72+3.12/1102(9.21+j15.8)= 0.052+J0.9

Sí=Sk+DSë=7.7+j3.1+0.052+j0.9=7.752+j4


Ó÷àñòîê À-1


Sk=Sí1-2+Sp1=7.752+j4+28.2+j14.1=35.952+j18.1

DSë=35.952+18.12/1102(4.56+j15.39)=0.61+j2.06

Sí=35.95+j18.1+0.61+j2.06=36.56+j20.16

Sa=Sí-jQ/2=36.56+j20.16-j0.72=36.56+j19.44


Ó÷àñòîê 2-3


Sk=4.4+j1.7

DS=4.42+1.72/1102(8.72+14.95)=0.016+j0.027

Sí=4.4+j1.7+0.016+j0.027=4.416+j1.727


Ó÷àñòîê 3-À1


Sk=4.416+j1.727+28.2+j14.7=32.62+j16.43

DS=32.622+16.432/1102(5.52+18.63)=0.6+j2.04

Sí=32.62+j16.43+0.6+j2.04=33.22+j18.47

Sa1=33.22+j18.47-j0.86=33.22+j17.61


åSa=Sa+Sa1=36.56+j19.44+33.22+j17.61=69.78+j37.05

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Âàðèàíò N 3

                       1         Sïð=28.16+j15.52


 




A                                        2         Sïð=12.138+j6.1

 

 


3              Sïð=28.169+j16.198






À    

        40,29+j21.62         1     12.138+j6.1       2




                                28.16+j15.52  T=5700   12.138+j6.1                                 

             28.169+j16.198     3                           T=4700    




                                 28.169+j16.198

                                      T=3500


Tîêè íà êàæäîì ó÷àñòêå:

 

Imax=ÖP+Q/Ö3U

Ó÷àñòîê À-1

Imax=Ö40.292+21.622/Ö3*110*2*103=120A

Ó÷àñòîê 1-2

Imax=Ö12.1382+6.12/380.6*103=35A

Ó÷àñòîê A-3

Imax=Ö28.1692+16.1982/380.6*103=85A











Âûáîð ñå÷åíèÿ ïðîâîäîâ:


Ip=Imax*ai*at          ai=1.05      at=1


Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà À-1

Ip=120*1.05*1=126A

Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà 1-2

Ip=35*1.05*1=36.75A

Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà À-3

Ip=85*1.05*0.8=71.4


Ïî êàðòå, ðàéîí Ñåâåðíîãî Óðàëà -II. Îïîðû æåëåçîáåòîííûå,

ëèíèÿ äâóöåïíàÿ.

 


Ó÷àñòîê    Smax    Imax    Ip      Fct    Iäîï    Iï.àâ.

 


 À-1            40,29     120    126    120    375      240

 1-2             12,138   35     36,75  95    330       70

 À-3            28,169   85       71,4  95    330       70



ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÛ ËÈÍÈÉ


 

ëèíèÿ

 

äëèíà

êì

 

ìàðêà

ïðîâîä

óäåëüíûå

ïàðàìåòðû

ðàñ÷¸òíûå

ïàðàìåòðû

r0

x0

q0

R1

X1

Q1

A-1.

38

AC-120

0.249

0.427

0.0355

4.731

8.113

2.698

1.2

37

AC-95

0.306

0.434

0.035

5.661

8.029

2.59

A-3

46

AC-95

0.306

0.434

0.035

7.038

9.982

3.22

         Ðàñ÷¸òíûå ôîðìóëû:  r0*l/n  X=x0*l/n   Qc=n*q0*l


Ñõåìà çàìåùåíèÿ è äåéñòâèòåëüíûå ïàðàìåòðû:

 À                       4.73+j8.11             1                  5.66+j8.03                    2           



             j1.35                  j1.35                     j1.3                       j1.3

                                                 28.16+j15.52                                          12.14+j6.1     

                            7.04+j9.98               

                                                            3



             j1.61                        j1.61             28.17+j16.2





Sp1=28.16+j15.52-j(1.35+1.3)=28.16+j12.87

Sp2=12.14+j6.1-j1.3=12.14+j4.8

Sp3=28.17+j16.2-j1.61=28.17+j14.6


A                           

  41.18+j21.81                                  12.22+j4.91

 



          j1.35                             28.16+j12.87                                 12.14+j4.8  

 

   28.75+j15.43




           j1.61                              28.17+j14.6


Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ìîùíîñòåé ïî ëèíèÿì ñ ó÷¸òîì ïîòåðü.


Ó÷àñòîê 1-2

Sk=12.14+j4.8      DS=0.08+j0.11       Sí=12.22+j4.91


Ó÷àñòîê À-1

Sk=40.38+j20.43       DS=0.8+j1.38        Sí=41.18+j21.81


Ó÷àñòîê À-3

Sk=28.17+j14.6         DS=0.58+j0.83        Sí=28.75+j15.43


Sa=28.75+j15.43

åSa=69.93+j34.28



46êì

 

37êì

 

38êì

 
Âàðèàíò N1                                                         Âàðèàíò N3

                   1

 

38êì

 
1                     2*25 110/10

37êì

 
Sp28.16+j15.52

                                      2                                  À

A                                      Sp=12.14+j6.1                                                      2  

35êì

 
2*10 110/10

                       3                                                                                3 

46êì

 
 


                                  Sp=28.17+j16.2                                             2*25  110/35/10











Âàðèàíò N1                                                                                Âàðèàíò N3




ÊëÀ-1=38*14=532ò.ðóá

Êë1-2=37*11.4=421.8ò.ðóá

Kë2-3=35*11.4=399ò.ðóá.

Kë3-A=46*14=644ò.ðóá.

Êë=1996.8ò.ðóá.

Kè=530+380+560=1470ò.ðóá.

Kc=1996.8+1470=3466.8ò.ðóá.

Èë=2.8*1996.8/100=55.9ò.ðóá.

Èï=9.4*1470/100=138.18ò.ðóá

Tcp=t=4617.6=2500ò.ðóá

DW=2500*(0.052+0.61+0.016+0.6)=3195

Èw=0.01*3195=31.95ò.ðóá

Èñ=55.9+138.18+31.95=226.03ò.ðóá

Çïð=0.12*3466.8+226.03=642.046ò.ðóá

ÊëA-1=38*18.1=687.8ò.ðóá

Êë1-2=37*17.8=652.6ò.ðóá

ÊëA-3=46*17.8=818.8ò.ðóá

Êë=2165ò.ðóá

Êè=430+310+525=1265ò.ðóá

Êñ=2165.2+1265=3430.2ò.ðóá

Èë=2.8*2165.2/100=60.63ò.ðóá

Èï=9.4*1265/100=118.9ò.ðóá

DW=3700*0.8+2600*0.08+1500*0.58=

=4038ò,ðóá

Èw=0.01*4038=40.38ò.ðóá

Èñ=60.63+118.9+40.38=219.9ò.ðóá

Çïð=0.12*3430.2+219.9=631.524ò.ðóá




631,5—100%

642     ---X%

X=642*100/631.5=101.6%





Âàðèàíòû ñõåì ðàâíîçíà÷íû, ò. ê. 3 âàðèàíò ñõåìû îòëè÷àåòñÿ ìåíåå, ÷åì

íà 3% îò âàðèàíòà 1. Ïî èíæåíåðíûì ïàðàìåòðàì âûáèðàåì âàðèàíò 3.

4. ÎÊÎÍ×ÀÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÐÀÑ×¨Ò ÎÏÒÈÌÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÂÀÐÈÀÍÒÀ ÑÕÅÌÛ ÏÐÎÅÊÒÈÐÓÅÌÎÉ ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÑÅÒÈ

 

Ðàñ÷¸ò ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñåòè â íàèáîëåå òÿæ¸ëîì àâàðèéíîì ðåæèìå.

 

                        1

À

 


                                   2

 


                         3



Ðàñ÷¸ò ó÷àñòêîâ À-1 è 1-2


  A                           9,5+j16.2             1                               11.3+j16.1                 2

 



       

         j0.67                       j0.67                      j0.64                                j0.64

                                                 28.16+j15.52                                                  12.14+j6.1


 

ðàñ÷¸òíûå äàííûå

À-1

1-2

R=r0*l

X=x0*l

Qc=q*l

Qc/2

0.249*38=9.5

0.427*38=16.2

0.0355*38=1.34

0.67

0.306*37=11.3

0.434*37=16.1

0.035*37=1.29

0.64


Ñîñòàâëÿåì áàëàíñ ìîùíîñòåé ïî ó÷àñòêàì ñ ó÷¸òîì ïîòåðü è íàõîäèì

ìîùíîñòü ïîòðåáëÿåìóþ îò èñòî÷íèêà:


Sp1-2=12.14+j(6.1-0.64)=12.14+j5.46

SpA-1=28.16+j(15.52-j0.67-0.64)=28.16+j14.21








Ó÷àñòîê 1-2


Sk=12.14+j5.46


DS=0.17+j0.24


Sí=12.31+j5.70


Ó÷àñòîê À-1


Sk=12.31+j5.7+28.16+j14.21=40.47+j19.9


DS=1.6+j2.72


Sí=40.47+j19.9+1.6+j2.72=42+j22.6


Sï=42+j(22.6-0.67)=42+j22.07


Sèñò=28.17+j16.2+42+j22.07=70.17+j38.27




                                                            

                                                    Sk 40.47+j19.9                            Sk  12.14+j5.46

       

70.17+j38.27       42.0+j22.6                                12.31+j5.70



 



                                                                         














5.ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÍÀÏÐßÆÅÍÈß ÍÀ ØÈÍÀÕ ÏÎÄÑÒÀÍÖÈÈ È ÂÛÁÎÐ ÑÏÎÑÎÁΠÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÍÀÏÐßÆÅÍÈß

Ìàêñèìàëüíûé ðåæèì:


A

                                    4.73+j8.11                                             5.66+j8.03   

  41,18+j21.81                                           1    12.22+j4.91                                        2

112,8êÂ

 

116êÂ

 

111,8êÂ

 
 

 



                                    7.04+j9.98                 3

   28.75+j13.82

113êÂ

 

 

 

U1=116-41.28*4.73+21.81*8.11/116=112.8êÂ

U2=112.8-12.22*5.66+4.91*8.03/112.8=111.84êÂ

U3=116-28.75*7.04+13.82*9.98/116=113.07êÂ


Àâàðèéíûé ðåæèì:


 

A    42+j22.6                9.5+j16.2         1    12.31+j5.7               11.3+j16.1                   2     

 

 

116êÂ

 

109,4êÂ

 

107,3êÂ

 
 

 


U1=116-42*9.5+22.6*16.2/116=109.37êÂ

U2=109.4-12.31*11.3+5.7*16.1/109.4=107.3êÂ











Âûáîð ñïîñîáîâ ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà øèíàõ ïîäñòàíöèè:


Ïîäñòàíöèÿ 3.

                                                                                           0.75+j0

                                                                18+j8.7                                         

108,7êÂ

 
                                                                           ··   

108,7êÂ

 
   28+j15.7            0.75+j29.9

113êÂ

 
  ·

                                                                                           0.75+j18.75

                                                               10+j4.9

 

 

 


U0=113-28*0.75+15.7*29.9/113=108.66

Ucí=0

Uíí=108.66-10*0.75+4.9*18.75=107.75


Çàäà¸ìñÿ æåëàåìûì íàïðÿæåíèåì ÍÍ


Uæ³1,05*Uíîì.ñåòè=1.05*10=10.5êÂ


Íàïðÿæåíèå îòâåòâëåíèÿ íà ÂÍ


Uîòâ=Uí1*Uíîì.í/Uæ=107.8*11/10.5=112.8êÂ


Ïî øêàëå Uîòâ.ñò=112.95(-1*1.78%)


Äåéñòâèòåëüíîå íàïðÿæåíèå íà øèíàõ ÍÍ


Uäí=Uí1*Uíí.òð/Uîò.ñò=107.8*11/112.95=10.49êÂ


Çàäà¸ìñÿ æåëàåìûì íàïðÿæåíèåì ÑÍ


Uæ.ñ=³1.05*Uí.ñåòè=1.05*35=36.75êÂ

Uä.ñ=108.7*38.5/112095=37.05êÂ


 

 

   

 

Ïîäñòàíöèÿ 1


   28,1+j15.2           1.53+j29.18  

·

10.6

 
                                                                                ·

108.5

 

10.3

 
 

 

 

 


Ìàêñèìàëüíûé ðåæèì

Àâàðèéíûé ðåæèì

Uí=11208-28.1*1.53+15.2*29.18/112.8=

=108.5êÂ

Uí=109.4-28.1*1.53+15.2*29.18/109.4=

=104.96êÂ

Uæ³1.05*10=10.5êÂ

Uæ=£1.0*10=10êÂ

Uîòâ=108.5*10.5/10.5=108.5êÂ

Uîòâ=104.96*10.5/10=110.2êÂ

Uîòâ.ñò106,81(-4*1.78)

Uäí=104.96*10.5/106.81=10.3êÂ

Uäí=108*10.5/106.81=10.6êÂ




Ïîäñòàíöèÿ 2


     12,1+j5.96              3.95+j69.5     

10,6

 
·                                                                                    ·

10,2

 

103,17

 
 

 

 

 


Ìàêñèìàëüíûé ðåæèì

Àâàðèéíûé ðåæèì

Uí=111.8-12.1*3.95+5.96*69.5/111.8=

=107.67êÂ

Uí=107.3-12.1*3.95+5.96*69.5/11108=

=103.17êÂ

Uæ³1.05*10=10.5êÂ

Uæ£1.0*10=10êÂ

Uîòâ=107.67*11/10.5=112.79êÂ

Uîòâ=103.17*11/10=113.48êÂ

Uîòâ.ñò=110.91(-2*1.78)


Uäí=107.67*11/110.91=10.6êÂ

Uäí=103.17*11/110.91=10.2êÂ


Âûâîä: Íà ïîäñòàíöèÿõ 1,2,3 â ðàññìàòðèâàåìûõ ðåæèìàõ, èìåþùèõñÿ

íà òðàíñôîðìàòîðàõ äèàïàçîíîâ ðåãóëèðîâêè íàïðÿæåíèÿ îêàçûâàåòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ òðåáóåìûõ óðîâíåé íàïðÿæåíèÿ, òàê êàê

äåéñòâèòåëüíûå íàïðÿæåíèÿ áëèçêè ê æåëàåìûì.   









ÑÏÈÑÎÊ  ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÎÉ ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÛ

1.Ðîêîòÿí Ñ.Ñ. “Ñïðàâî÷íèê ïî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ ýëåêòðîýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ 

    ñèñòåì” Ì. “ Ýíåðãèÿ”,1987ã.

2. “ Ïðàâèëà óñòðîéñòâà ýëåêòðîóñòàíîâîê” Ì. “ Ýíåðãèÿ”,1988ã.

3. Áîðîâèêîâ Â.À. “Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèå ñèñòåìû”,1989ã.

4. Íåêëåïàåâ Á.Í. “Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ ÷àñòü ýëåêòðîñòàíöèé è ïîäñòàíöèé” Ì.

    “ Ýíåðãèÿ”,1989ã.

5. “Ýíåðãèÿ” æóðíàë ¹10 ,1996ã.

6. Íåêëåïàåâ Á.Í. “Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ ÷àñòü ýëåêòðîñòàíöèé è ïîäñòàíöèé” Ì.

“ Ýíåðãèÿ”, 1972ã.

7. ÍÒÏ ÏÑ 1993ã.

8. “Ïðèíöèïèàëüíûå ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñõåìû ÐÓ ÏÑ 6-750 ê”1991ã.



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