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Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì
Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì
Ìèíèñòåðñòâî òîïëèâà è ýíåðãåòèêè Ðîññèè.
Åêàòåðèíáóðãñêèé ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèé òåõíèêóì
ÊÓÐÑÎÂÎÉ ÏÐÎÅÊÒ
ïî ïðåäìåòó “Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì”
Òåìà: Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü 110
êÂ
ÊÏ 2102 Ñ-514-Ý
Ðàçðàáîòàë:
Óãðåíåâ Ñ.Å.
Ðóêîâîäèë:
Òåëåãèíà È.À.
1999ã.
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Îöåíêà
Ïîÿñíèòåëüíàÿ çàïèñêà.
ÊÏ 2102 Ñ-514-Ý
ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ:
ñòð.
Ââåäåíèå
1.Âûáîð òèïà è
ìîùíîñòè ñèëîâûõ òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ
2. Ñîñòàâëåíèå
âàðèàíòîâ ñõåì ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñåòè è
ðàñ÷åò äâóõ èç
íèõ ïðè ìàêñèìàëüíûõ íàãðóçêàõ
3.
Òåõíèêî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ñðàâíåíèå äâóõ âûáðàííûõ
âàðèàíòîâ
ñåòè
4.Îêîí÷àòåëüíûé
ðàñ÷åò îïòèìàëüíîãî âàðèàíòà ñõåìû
ïðîåêòèðóåìîé
ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñåòè
5.Îïðåäåëåíèå
íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà øèíàõ ïîäñòàíöèè
6.Ñïèñîê
ëèòåðàòóðû
ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ
Ñèñòåìîîáðàçóþùàÿ ñåòü ÅÝÑ Ðîññèè ñôîðìèðîâàíà ýëåêòðè÷åñêèìè ñåòÿìè
íàïðÿæåíèÿ 220-1150 ê îò Áàéêàëà äî Êàëèíèíãðàäà, îáùåé ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ áîëåå
148 òûñ. êì.
Íàëè÷èå ïðîòÿæåííîé åäèíîé ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû ïîçâîëÿåò
èñïîëüçîâàòü ìàêñèìóìîâ íàãðóçêè ïî ÷àñîâûì ïîÿñàì ñóììàðíûì ýôôåêòîì äî 8
ìëí.êÂò.
Ðàçâèòèå ñèñòåìîîáðàçóþùåé ñåòè äîëæíî îñóùåñòâëÿòüñÿ ñ
èñïîëüçîâàíèåì äâóõ ñèñòåì íîìèíàëüíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé 110-220-500-1150 ê íà
áîëüøåé ÷àñòè òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè è 110-330-750 ê â çàïàäíîé ÷àñòè ÎÝÑ Öåíòðà è
ÎÝÑ Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäà.
 ïåðèîä äî 2010ã. íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè Åâðîïåéñêîé òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè ,
âêëþ÷àÿ Ñåâåðíûé Êàâêàç , â Ñèáèðè è íà Äàëüíåì Âîñòîêå ñòàíåò ðàçâèâàòüñÿ
ñëîæíàÿ ìíîãîêîëüöåâàÿ ñåòü íàïðÿæåíèåì 500 êÂ.  çàïàäíûõ ðàéîíàõ äëÿ âûäà÷è
ìîùíîñòè ÀÝÑ çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèå ëèíèé 750 êÂ.
 1995 ãîäó â ýíåðãîñèñòåìàõ Ðîññèè íàïðÿæåíèåì 110 ê è âûøå
ýêñïëóàòèðîâàëîñü îêîëî 440 òûñ. êì ÂË è ïî÷òè 530 ìëí.êÂÀ îáùåé
òðàíñôîðìàòîðíîé ìîùíîñòè.
Äëÿ ïåðåäà÷è èçáûòêîâ ìîùíîñòè èç âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè ÎÝÑ Ñèáèðè â
çàïàäíûå ýíåðãîñèñòåìû è ÷åðåç Êàçàõñòàí íà Þæíûé Óðàë çàâåðøàåòñÿ
ñòðîèòåëüñòâî ÂË 1150 ê Èòàò-Áàðíîóë . Åå âêëþ÷åíèå óâåëè÷èò ïðîïóñêíóþ
ñïîñîáíîñòü ýëåêòðîìàãèñòðàëè â îòäåëüíûõ ñå÷åíèÿõ íà 800 ÌÂò. Äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ
ñâÿçè ìåæäó âîñòî÷íîé è åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòÿìè ÅÝÑ Ðîññèè ïîñëå 2000ã. íàìå÷àåòñÿ
ñîîðóæåíèÿ ÂË-1150 ê Ñèáèðü-Óðàë , êîòîðàÿ ïðîéäåò ïî òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè.
Òåì íå ìåíåå ïðîïóñêíàÿ ñïîñîáíîñòü ñåòè âñå åùå íå äîñòàòî÷íà.
 ïåðñïåêòèâå áóäóò ðàçâèâàòüñÿ ñâÿçè ÅÝÑ Ðîññèè ñ ýíåðãîñèñòåìàìè
çàðóáåæíûõ ñòðàí ïî ñëåäóþùèì íàïðàâëåíèÿì:
1. Óâåëè÷åíèå ýêñïîðòíûõ ïîñòàâîê ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè â Ôèíëÿíäèþ (2õ
öåïíàÿ ÂË-330 ê è ÂË-400 êÂ).
2. Ýêñïîðò ìîùíîñòè è ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè â Ãåðìàíèþ( ëèíèÿ
ïîñòîÿííîãî òîêà 4000 ÌÂò íà 500 êÂ).
3. Óâåëè÷åíèå ýêñïîðòíûõ ïîñòàâîê ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè èç Ðîññè â ñòðàíû
âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû ÷åðåç Óêðàèíó.
4. Ýêñïîðò ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè èç âîñòî÷íûõ ðåãèîíîâ è Ñèáèðè â Êèòàé.
5. Ýêñïîðò ìîùíîñòè è ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè èç Êàëèíèíãðàäñêîé ýíåðãîñèñòåìû â
Áåëîðóñèþ , Ïîëüøó , Ãåðìàíèþ .
Íîâûå òåíäåíöèè: â ïåðñïåêòèâíîé ñòðóêòóðå ýëåêòðîïîòðåáëåíèÿ áóäóò
îïðåäåëÿòüñÿ â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü èçìåíåíèåì ñîîòíîøåíèÿ ìåæäó äîëåé ïðîìûøëåííîãî
è êîììóíàëüíî-áûòîâîãî ýëåêòðîïîòðåáëåíèÿ. Íà ïðîèçâîäñòâî åäèíèöû ñîïîñòàâèìîé
ïðîäóêöèè áîëüøèíñòâî ðîññèéñêèõ çàâîäîâ çàòðà÷èâàþò â 2-3 ðàçà áîëüøå ýíåðãèè
è òîïëèâà, ÷åì èõ çàðóáåæíûå êîíêóðåíòû.
Ïðè÷èíû:
1.Èçíîøåííîå îáîðóäîâàíèå ìíîãèõ ïðåäïðèÿòèé.
2.Íèçêèé íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèé óðîâåíü ïðîìûøëåííîñòè,
îñîáåííî â ÷àñòè ýíåðãîñáåðåãàþùèõ òåõíîëîãèé.
3.Ðåêîíñòðóêöèÿ ýíåðãîîáîðóäîâàíèÿ äîëæíà ñî÷åòàòü
äåìîíòàæ óñòàðåâøåãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ, çàìåíó åãî íîâûì
áîëåå ýêîíîìè÷íûì è ýêîëîãè÷åñêè ÷èñòûì, è ïðîäëåíèå
ñðîêîâ ñëóæáû îáîðóäîâàíèÿ âûñîêîãî äàâëåíèÿ ïóòåì
çàìåíû âûðàáîòàâøèõ ñâîé ðåñóðñ óçëîâ è äåòàëåé.
Ñåðüåçíàÿ ïðîáëåìà äëÿ âñåõ ñòðàí ÑÍÃ - ñòàðåíèå îáîðóäîâàíèÿ ýëåêòðîñòàíöèé
è ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ñåòåé. Áîëåå 60% îáîðóäîâàíèÿ ýêñïëóàòèðóåòñÿ ñâûøå 15 ëåò, â
òîì ÷èñëå áîëåå 40% ñâûøå 25 ëåò. Ñðîê ñëóæáû ÷àñòè ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ñåòåé
ïðåâûøàåò 30 ëåò.
[ 5 , ñòð. 6-7 ]
1.ÂÛÁÎÐ ÒÈÏÀ È ÌÎÙÍÎÑÒÈ ÑÈËÎÂÛÕ ÒÐÀÍÑÔÎÐÌÀÒÎÐÎÂ
1.1. Ñîñòàâëåíèå
áàëàíñà ìîùíîñòè ïî ÏÑ
Äëÿ ñîñòàâëåíèÿ
áàëàíñà ìîùíîñòè íåîáõîäèìî îïðåäåëèòü
íàãðóçêè ÏÑ íà
øèíàõ íèçêîãî è ñðåäíåãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ.
S=P/cos (1)
Q= (2)
W=Pmax Tmax (3)
Ðåçóëüòàòû ðàñ÷åòîâ
ñâîäèì â òàáëèöó 1.
Òàáëèöà 1.
|
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ÏÑ
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øèíû
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Pmax ÌÂò
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Qmax ÌÂàð
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Smax ÌÂÀ
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Tmax ÷àñ
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cos
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W
ÌÂò ÷
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1
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ÍÍ10êÂ
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28
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13,6
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31,1
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5700
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0,9
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159600
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2
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ÍÍ35êÂ
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12
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5,7
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13,3
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4700
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0,9
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56400
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3
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ÑÍ35êÂ
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18
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8,7
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20
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3500
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0,9
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63000
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ÍÍ10Êâ
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10
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4,8
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11,1
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3500
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0,9
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35000
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Ï.Ñ.1
Síîì ò.=31.1
0.7=21.77
Ï.Ñ.2
Síîì ò.=13.3
0.7=9.31
Ï.Ñ.3
Sìàõ ï.ò.=Ö(18+10)2+(8.7+4.8)2=31.1ÌÂÀ
Síîì.ò.=31.1
0.7=21.77
1.2 Âûáîð êîëè÷åñòâà
è ìîùíîñòè òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ íà ïîäñòàíöèè:
íà ÏÑ1-2 2õîáìîòî÷íûõ
òðàíñôîðìàòîðà ÒÐÄÍ25000/110/10
íà ÏÑ2-2 2õîáìîòî÷íûõ
òðàíñôîðìàòîðà ÒÄÍ10000/110/10
íà ÏÑ3-2 3õîáìîòî÷íûõ
òðàíñôîðìàòîðà ÒÄÒÍ 25000/110/35/10
ò.ê. åñòü
ïîòðåáèòåëè I è II êàòåãîðèè.
Ïðè óñòàíîâêå 2õ
òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ ìîùíîñòü êàæäîãî òðàíñôîðìàòîðà âûáèðàåòñÿ ïîðÿäêà 70% îò
ìàêñèìàëüíîé íàãðóçêè ÏÑ
Snom.òð(0,650,7)Smax.ÏÑ
Ïî
ñïðàâî÷íèêó[6,ñòð109-111] âûáèðàåòñÿ áëèæàéøèé ïî ìîùíîñòè òðàíñôîðìàòîð.
Äëÿ òðåõ îáìîòî÷íîãî
òðàíñôîðìàòîðà
Smax.ÏÑ=Ö(Pí+Ðñ)2+(Qí+Qc)2 (4)
1.3.Ïðîâåðÿåì ïðàâèëüíî ëè âûáðàíû
òðàíñôîðìàòîðû ïî
êîýôôèöèåíòó
çàãðóçêè ïðè íîðìàëüíîì è ïîñëåàâîðèéíîì
ðåæèìå ïî
ôîðìóëàì:
Êç=(Smax.ÏÑ100%)/(2Snom.òð(ñïð))
â íîðìàëüíîì ðåæèìå (5)
Êç=(Smax.ÏÑ100%)/Snom.òð(ñïð)
â ïîñëåàâîðèéíîì ðåæèìå (6)
Äëÿ íîðìàëüíîãî
ðåæèìà: Êç100%
Êç(ÏÑ1)=(31.1 100%)/(2 25)=62.2%
Êç(ÏÑ2)=(13.3 100)/(2 10)=66.5%
Kç(ÏÑ)=(31.1 100)/(2 25)=62.2%
Äëÿ ïîñëåàâîðèéíîãî
ðåæèìà: Êç140%
Êç(ÏÑ1)=(31.1 100)/25=124.4%
Êç(ÏÑ2)=(13.3 100)/10=133%
Kç(ÏÑ)=(31.1 100)/25=124.4%
Óñëîâèå âûïîëíÿåòñÿ ,
çíà÷èò òðàíñôîðìàòîðû âûáðàíû ïðàâèëüíî. Çàíîñèì äàííûå òðàíñôîðìàòîðà â
òàáëèöó 2.
Òàáëèöà 2.
|
ÏÑ
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Êàòåãîðèè
ïîòðåáëåí.
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Smax
ÌÂÀ
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×èñëî
òð-ðîâ
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Snom.òð-ðîâ
ÌÂÀ
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Êîýôôèöèåíò çàãðóçêè
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íîðì. ðåæèì
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ïîñëåàâîð. ðåæèì
|
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1
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I,II,III
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31.1
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2
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25
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62.2
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124.4
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2
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I,II,III
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13.3
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2
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10
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66.5
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133
|
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3
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I,II,III
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31.1
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2
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25
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62.2
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124.4
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1.4. Îïðåäåëÿåì
ïàðàìåòðû òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ ïî ñïðàâî÷íèêó [6,ñòð109-111] :
Òàáëèöà 3
|
ÏÑ
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Òèï
òðàíñôîð-
ìàòîðà
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Ñïðàâî÷íûå äàííûå
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Ðàñ÷åòíûå äàííûå
|
|
Unom êÂ
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Põõ
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R ; Îì
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X ; Îì
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Qõõ
|
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ÂÍ
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ÑÍ
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ÍÍ
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êÂò
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ÂÍ
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ÑÍ
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ÍÍ
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ÂÍ
|
ÑÍ
|
ÍÍ
|
êÂàð
|
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1
|
ÒÐÄÍ 25000/110/10
|
115
|
-
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10.5
|
25
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3,06
|
-
|
-
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58.36
|
-
|
-
|
175
|
|
2
|
ÒÄÍ 10000/110/35
|
115
|
-
|
11
|
14
|
7,9
|
-
|
-
|
136.5
|
-
|
-
|
70
|
|
|
ÒÄÒÍ
25000/110/35/10
|
115
|
38,5
|
11,0
|
28,5
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1.5
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1.5
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1.5
|
59.7
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0
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37.5
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175
|
3
4
1.5.Ðàñ÷åò ïðèâåäåííûõ
íàãðóçîê ïîäñòàíöèè â ÌÂÀ.
5
Ïîäñòàíöèÿ 1
28.16+j15.52 28.11+j15.19
1.53+j29.18
0.05+j0.33
0.11+j2.13 28+j13.6
;(7)
DSîá.í=282+13.62/ 1152
(1.53+j29.18)= 0.11+j2.13
S/=S+DSîá.=28+j13.6+0.11+j2.13=28.11+j15.19
Sïð=S/+Sõõ;=28.11+j15.19+0.05+j0.33=28.16+j15.52
Ïîäñòàíöèÿ
2
12.138+j6.1 12.11+j5.96
3,95+J69.5
0.028+j0.18
0.11+j2.13 12+j5.7
DSoá.í=122 +5.72/ 1152
(8.38+j68.25)=0.11+j0.89
S/=S+DSîá.í=12+j5.7+0.11+j0.89=12.11+j5.96
Sïð=S/+Sõõ=12.11+j5.96+0.028+j0.14=12.138+j6.1
Ïîäñòàíöèÿ
3
18.023+j8.7 0.75+j0
18+J8.7
28.169+j16.198
28.079+j15.748 0.75+j29.85 28.029+j13.6
0.023+j0
0.09+j0.45
0.05+j2.08
10.0+j4.97 10+J405
0.006+J0.168
DSîá.í=102+4.82/1152(0.75+j18.75)=0.006+j0.168
DSîá.ñ=182+8.72/1152(0.75+j0)=0.023+j0
S/í=Sí+DSîá.í=10+j4.8+0.006+j0.168=10.006+j4.968
S/c=Sc+DSîá.ñ=18+j8.7+0.023+j0=18.023+j8.7
Sâ=S/ñ+S/í=18.023+j8.7+10.006+j4.968=28.029+j13.668
DSîá.â=28.0292+13.6682/1152(0.75+j29.85)=0.05+j2.08
S/â=Sâ+DSîá.â=28.029+j13.668+0.05+j2.08=28.079+j15.748
S=S/â+DSõõ=28,079+j15.748+0.09+j0.45=28.169+j16.198
2.ÑÎÑÒÀÂËÅÍÈÅ ÂÀÐÈÀÍÒÎÂ
ÑÕÅÌ
ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÑÅÒÈ È
ÐÀÑ×¨Ò ÄÂÓÕ ÈÇ
ÍÈÕ ÏÐÈ ÌÀÊÑÈÌÀËÜÍÛÕ
ÍÀÃÐÓÇÊÀÕ
2,1 Ñîñòàâëåíèå âàðèàíòîâ
ñõåì ñåòè.
N Êîíôèãóðàöèÿ ñõåìû
äëèííà äëèííà êîë-âî âûêëþ÷à-
òðàññû
ïðîâîäà òåëåé íà âûñîêîì
êì. êì. íàïðÿæåíèè.
À-2
1-3
2-3
1
156 156 3-3
Èòîãî 11
À-6
1-2
2
2-2
151 302 3-2
Èòîãî 12
À-4
3
1-2
2-2
3-2
121 242 Èòîãî 10
À-4
1-2
4
2-2
186 224 3-2
Èòîãî 12
Ïî êîëè÷åñòâó
âûêëþ÷àòåëåé, äëèíå òðàññû, äëèíå ïðîâîäà
âûáèðàåì âàðèàíòû
1è3.
2.ÑÎÑÒÎÂËÅÍÈÅ ÂÀÐÈÀÍÒΠÑÕÅÌ ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÑÅÒÈ È
ÐÀÑ×ÅÒ ÄÂÓÕ ÈÇ ÍÈÕ ÏÐÈ ÌÀÊÑÈÌÀËÜÍÛÕ ÍÀÃÐÓÇÊÀÕ
2.1.Ñîñòîâëåíèå
âàðèàíòîâ ñõåì ñåòè.
Òàáëèöà 4
|
N âàðèàíòà
|
Êîíôèãóðàöèÿ ñõåìû
|
äëèííà òðàññû
êì
|
äëèííà ïðîâîäà
êì
|
Êîëè÷åñòâî âûêëþ÷àòåëåé íà âû-ñîêîì íàïðÿæåíèè
|
|
1
|
1
2
À
|
170
|
170
|
ÏÑ À+ÏÑ1+ÏÑ2
2+3+3=8
|
|
2
|
1
À
2
|
95
|
190
|
2+2+2=6
|
|
3
|
1
À
2
|
120
|
240
|
2+2+2=6
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
Ïî êîëè÷åñòâó âûêëþ÷àòåëåé , äëèíå òðàññû è
äëèíå ïðîâîäà âûáåðåì áîëåå ýêîíîìè÷íûå âàðèàíòû 1 è 4 .
Âàðèàíò N1.
1 Sïð=28.16+j15.52
À
2
Sïð=12.138+j6.1
3
. Sïð=28.169+j16.198
Ïðåâðàùàåì êîëüöåâóþ
ñåòü â ëèíèþ ñ äâóõñòîðîííèì ïèòàíèåì.
À
À1
38êì
37êì 35êì
46êì
28+j15.52 12.138+j6.1
28.169+j16.198
SA=[(28,16+j15.52
)118+(12.138+j6.1)81+(28.169+j16.198)46]/156=
=5601.832+j3070.568/156=35.9+j19.7
SA/=(28.16+j15.52)38+(12.138+j6.1)75+(28.169+J16.198)110=
=5078.99+j2829.04/156=32.6+j18.1
Äåëàåì ïðîâåðêó
SA+SA/= (9)
68.5+j37.8=68.5+j37.8
Íàõîäèì ìîùíîñòè íà
êàæäîì ó÷àñòêå è òî÷êó òîêîðàñïðåäèëåíèÿ.
À
A/
35.9+j19.7 1 7.74+j4.18 2
4.43+j1.9 3. 32.6+j18.1
28.16+j15.52 12.14+j6.1
28.17+j16.2
Ïîäñ÷èòûâàåì òîêè íà
êàæäîì ó÷àñòêå è âûáåðåì ñå÷åíèå ïî ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ïëîòíîñòè òîêà. Äëÿ êîëüöåâîé
ñåòè íàõîäèì Òñð.
; (10)
Tcp=28.16*5700+12.14*4700+28.17*3500/28.16+12.14+28.17=4617.57 ÷.
Ó÷àñòîê 3-2
Imax=; (11)
Imax=Ö4.432+1.92/Ö3*110*103=25À
Ó÷àñòîê 2-1
Imax2-1= Ö7.742+4.182/Ö3*110*103=46À
Ó÷àñòîê À-1
ImaxA-1=Ö35.92+19.72/Ö3*110*103=214À
Ó÷àñòîê À1-3
Imax=Ö32.62+18.12/Ö3*110*103=196A
Âûáîð
ñå÷åíèÿ ïðîâîäîâ ìåòîäîì ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ èíòåðâàëîâ.
Ið = Iìàõ * ai * aò
Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà À1-3
Ip=196*1.05*1=205.8A
Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà 3-2
Ip=25*1.05*1=26.25A
Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà 2-1
Ip=46*1.05*1=48.3A
Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà 1-À
Ip=214*1.05*1=224.7
Ïî êàðòå äëÿ Ñåâåðíîãî Óðàëà ðàéîí II.
Îïîðû – æåëåçîáåòîí, ëèíèÿ
îäíîöåïíàÿ, ðàéîí Ñèáèðè.
Äàííûå ñâîäèì â
òàáëèöó:
|
ó÷àñòîê
|
Smax:
ÌÂÀ
|
Imax:
A
|
Ip
A
|
Fct
mm2
|
Iäîï
À
|
Iï.àâ
À
|
|
À1-3
|
35,9
|
196
|
205,8
|
240
|
610
|
410
|
|
3-2
|
7,74
|
25
|
26,25
|
120
|
390
|
241
|
|
2-1
|
4,43
|
46
|
48,3
|
120
|
390
|
241
|
|
1-À
|
32,6
|
214
|
224,7
|
240
|
610
|
410
|
Ïðîâåðêà âûáðàííûõ
ïðîâîäîâ ïî íàãðåâó â àâàðèéíîì ðåæèìå.
À 68.5+j37.8 40.31+j22.3
28.17+j16.2 A1
28,16+j15.52
12.14+j6.1 28.17+j16.2
Iàâ1-2=Iàâ3-2=ÖP2+Q2/Ö3*U=241A
Iàâ1-À=Iàâ3-A1=410A
Iàâ£Iäîï
Âûáðàííûå ñå÷åíèÿ
ïðîâîäà ïðîõîäÿò ïî íàãðåâó.
ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÛ ËÈÍÈÉ.
|
ëèíèÿ
|
äëèíà.êì
|
ìàðêà ïðîâîäà
|
Óäåëüíûå ïàðàìåòðû
|
Ðàñ÷¸òíûå ïàðàìåòðû
|
|
r0
Îì/êì
|
õ0
Îì/êì
|
q0
Ìâàð/êì
|
R1
Îì
|
X1
ÎÌ
|
Qc
Mâàð
|
|
À1-3
|
46
|
ÀÑ-240
|
0,120
|
0,405
|
0,0375
|
5,52
|
18,63
|
1,73
|
|
3-2
|
35
|
ÀÑ-140
|
0,249
|
0,427
|
0,0355
|
8,72
|
14,95
|
1,24
|
|
2-1
|
37
|
ÀÑ-140
|
0,249
|
0,427
|
0,0355
|
9,21
|
15,80
|
1,31
|
|
1-À
|
38
|
ÀÑ-240
|
0,120
|
0,405
|
0,0375
|
4,56
|
15,39
|
1,43
|
Ðàñ÷¸ò âåä¸ì ïî
ôîðìóëàì: R=Ro*l/n; X=Xo*l/n; Qc=n*Qo*l.
Ñîñòàâëÿåì ñõåìó
çàìåùåíèÿ ñåòè:
A
1
2
3 A1
4.56+j15.39
9.21+j15.8 8.72+j14.95
5.52+j18.63
j0.72 j0.72
j0.66 j0.66 j0.62 j0.62
j0.86 j0.86
28.16+j15.52
12.14+j6.1 28.17+j16.2
Ïîäñ÷èòûâàåì
ðàñ÷¸òíûå íàãðóçêè ÏÑ è óïðîùàåì ñõåìó çàìåùåíèÿ ñåòè;
Sp1= Snp1-j(Qc1/2+Qc2/2)=28.16+j15.52-(0.72+0.66)=28.16+j14.14
Sp2=12.14+j6.1-j(0.66+0.62)=12.14+j4.82
Sp3=28.17+j16.2-j(0.62+0.86)=28.17+j14.72
A 35.9+j17.2 1 7.7+j3.1
2 4.4+j1.7 3 32.6+j16.4 A1
j0.72
28.16+j14.14 12.14+j4.82
28.17+j14.72 j0.86
Íàõîäèì ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ìîùíîñòåé
â ñõåìå ñ ó÷¸òîì äåéñòâèòåëüíûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ
ëèíèé ïî ôîðìóëàì:
PA=GAAå(PiRiA+QiXiA)+BAAå(PiXiA-QiRiA)
QA=-GAAå(PiXiA-QiXiA)+BAAå(PiRiA+QiXiA) ãäå,
GAA=RAA/R2AA+X2AA
BAA=XAA/R2AA+X2AA
GAA=28.01/28.012+64.772 =0.0056
BAA=64.77/28.012+64.772=0.013
PA=0.0056(28.2*23.45+12.1*14.24+28.2*5.52+14.1*49.38+4.8*33.58+14.7*
*18.63)+0.013(28.2*49.38+12.1*33.58+28.2*18.63-14.1*23.45+4.8*14.24+
+14.7*5.52)=35.95
QA=-0.0056*1844.059+0.013*2120.561=17.24
SA=35.9+j17.2
PA1=0.0056(28.2*22.49+12.1*13.77+28.2*4.56+14.7*46.14+4.8*31.9+14.1*
*15.39)+0.013(28.2*46.14+12.1*31.9+28.2*15.39-14.7+22.49+4.8*13.77+
+14.1*4.56)=32.65
QA1=-0.0056*1660.141+0.013*1977.804=16.4
SA1=32.6+j16.4
Ïðîâåðêà: SA+SA=S1p+S2p+S3p
68.5+j33.6=28.2+j14.1+12.1+j4.8+28.2+j14.7
Ëèíèÿ ñ äâóõñòîðîííèì
ïèòàíèåì ðàçäåëÿåòñÿ â òî÷êå ïîòîêîðàçäåëà íà
äâå ðàäèàëüíûå ëèíèè:
35+j18.1 7.75+j4 4.4+j1.7
32.6+j14.4
j0.72
28.2+j14.1 7.7+j3.1 4.4+j1.7 28.2+j14.7
j0.86
0.61+j2.06 0.052+j0.9
0.016+j0.027 0.6+j2.04
Ó÷àñòîê 1-2
Sê=7.7+3.1
DSë=Pk2+Qk2/Uí2(Rë+Xë)=7.72+3.12/1102(9.21+j15.8)= 0.052+J0.9
Sí=Sk+DSë=7.7+j3.1+0.052+j0.9=7.752+j4
Ó÷àñòîê À-1
Sk=Sí1-2+Sp1=7.752+j4+28.2+j14.1=35.952+j18.1
DSë=35.952+18.12/1102(4.56+j15.39)=0.61+j2.06
Sí=35.95+j18.1+0.61+j2.06=36.56+j20.16
Sa=Sí-jQ/2=36.56+j20.16-j0.72=36.56+j19.44
Ó÷àñòîê 2-3
Sk=4.4+j1.7
DS=4.42+1.72/1102(8.72+14.95)=0.016+j0.027
Sí=4.4+j1.7+0.016+j0.027=4.416+j1.727
Ó÷àñòîê 3-À1
Sk=4.416+j1.727+28.2+j14.7=32.62+j16.43
DS=32.622+16.432/1102(5.52+18.63)=0.6+j2.04
Sí=32.62+j16.43+0.6+j2.04=33.22+j18.47
Sa1=33.22+j18.47-j0.86=33.22+j17.61
åSa=Sa+Sa1=36.56+j19.44+33.22+j17.61=69.78+j37.05
Âàðèàíò N 3
1 Sïð=28.16+j15.52
A
2 Sïð=12.138+j6.1
3
Sïð=28.169+j16.198
À
40,29+j21.62
1 12.138+j6.1 2
28.16+j15.52 T=5700 12.138+j6.1
28.169+j16.198
3 T=4700
28.169+j16.198
T=3500
Tîêè íà êàæäîì ó÷àñòêå:
Imax=ÖP+Q/Ö3U
Ó÷àñòîê À-1
Imax=Ö40.292+21.622/Ö3*110*2*103=120A
Ó÷àñòîê 1-2
Imax=Ö12.1382+6.12/380.6*103=35A
Ó÷àñòîê A-3
Imax=Ö28.1692+16.1982/380.6*103=85A
Âûáîð ñå÷åíèÿ
ïðîâîäîâ:
Ip=Imax*ai*at ai=1.05 at=1
Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà À-1
Ip=120*1.05*1=126A
Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà 1-2
Ip=35*1.05*1=36.75A
Äëÿ ó÷àñòêà À-3
Ip=85*1.05*0.8=71.4
Ïî êàðòå, ðàéîí
Ñåâåðíîãî Óðàëà -II. Îïîðû æåëåçîáåòîííûå,
ëèíèÿ äâóöåïíàÿ.
Ó÷àñòîê Smax Imax Ip Fct Iäîï Iï.àâ.
À-1
40,29 120 126 120 375 240
1-2
12,138 35 36,75 95 330 70
À-3
28,169 85 71,4 95 330 70
ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÛ ËÈÍÈÉ
|
ëèíèÿ
|
äëèíà
êì
|
ìàðêà
ïðîâîä
|
óäåëüíûå
ïàðàìåòðû
|
ðàñ÷¸òíûå
ïàðàìåòðû
|
|
r0
|
x0
|
q0
|
R1
|
X1
|
Q1
|
|
A-1.
|
38
|
AC-120
|
0.249
|
0.427
|
0.0355
|
4.731
|
8.113
|
2.698
|
|
1.2
|
37
|
AC-95
|
0.306
|
0.434
|
0.035
|
5.661
|
8.029
|
2.59
|
A-3
|
46
|
AC-95
|
0.306
|
0.434
|
0.035
|
7.038
|
9.982
|
3.22
|
Ðàñ÷¸òíûå
ôîðìóëû: r0*l/n X=x0*l/n Qc=n*q0*l
Ñõåìà çàìåùåíèÿ è
äåéñòâèòåëüíûå ïàðàìåòðû:
À 4.73+j8.11 1
5.66+j8.03 2
j1.35 j1.35 j1.3
j1.3
28.16+j15.52 12.14+j6.1
7.04+j9.98
3
j1.61 j1.61 28.17+j16.2
Sp1=28.16+j15.52-j(1.35+1.3)=28.16+j12.87
Sp2=12.14+j6.1-j1.3=12.14+j4.8
Sp3=28.17+j16.2-j1.61=28.17+j14.6
A
41.18+j21.81 12.22+j4.91
j1.35 28.16+j12.87 12.14+j4.8
28.75+j15.43
j1.61 28.17+j14.6
Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå
ìîùíîñòåé ïî ëèíèÿì ñ ó÷¸òîì ïîòåðü.
Ó÷àñòîê 1-2
Sk=12.14+j4.8 DS=0.08+j0.11 Sí=12.22+j4.91
Ó÷àñòîê À-1
Sk=40.38+j20.43 DS=0.8+j1.38 Sí=41.18+j21.81
Ó÷àñòîê À-3
Sk=28.17+j14.6 DS=0.58+j0.83 Sí=28.75+j15.43
Sa=28.75+j15.43
åSa=69.93+j34.28
Âàðèàíò N1
Âàðèàíò N3
1
1 2*25 110/10
Sp28.16+j15.52
2 À
A
Sp=12.14+j6.1 2
2*10 110/10
3 3
Sp=28.17+j16.2 2*25 110/35/10
Âàðèàíò N1
Âàðèàíò N3
|
ÊëÀ-1=38*14=532ò.ðóá
Êë1-2=37*11.4=421.8ò.ðóá
Kë2-3=35*11.4=399ò.ðóá.
Kë3-A=46*14=644ò.ðóá.
Êë=1996.8ò.ðóá.
Kè=530+380+560=1470ò.ðóá.
Kc=1996.8+1470=3466.8ò.ðóá.
Èë=2.8*1996.8/100=55.9ò.ðóá.
Èï=9.4*1470/100=138.18ò.ðóá
Tcp=t=4617.6=2500ò.ðóá
DW=2500*(0.052+0.61+0.016+0.6)=3195
Èw=0.01*3195=31.95ò.ðóá
Èñ=55.9+138.18+31.95=226.03ò.ðóá
Çïð=0.12*3466.8+226.03=642.046ò.ðóá
|
ÊëA-1=38*18.1=687.8ò.ðóá
Êë1-2=37*17.8=652.6ò.ðóá
ÊëA-3=46*17.8=818.8ò.ðóá
Êë=2165ò.ðóá
Êè=430+310+525=1265ò.ðóá
Êñ=2165.2+1265=3430.2ò.ðóá
Èë=2.8*2165.2/100=60.63ò.ðóá
Èï=9.4*1265/100=118.9ò.ðóá
DW=3700*0.8+2600*0.08+1500*0.58=
=4038ò,ðóá
Èw=0.01*4038=40.38ò.ðóá
Èñ=60.63+118.9+40.38=219.9ò.ðóá
Çïð=0.12*3430.2+219.9=631.524ò.ðóá
|
631,5—100%
642
---X%
X=642*100/631.5=101.6%
Âàðèàíòû ñõåì
ðàâíîçíà÷íû, ò. ê. 3 âàðèàíò ñõåìû îòëè÷àåòñÿ ìåíåå, ÷åì
íà 3% îò
âàðèàíòà 1. Ïî èíæåíåðíûì ïàðàìåòðàì âûáèðàåì âàðèàíò 3.
4. ÎÊÎÍ×ÀÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÐÀÑ×¨Ò ÎÏÒÈÌÀËÜÍÎÃÎ
ÂÀÐÈÀÍÒÀ ÑÕÅÌÛ ÏÐÎÅÊÒÈÐÓÅÌÎÉ ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÑÅÒÈ
Ðàñ÷¸ò ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé
ñåòè â íàèáîëåå òÿæ¸ëîì àâàðèéíîì ðåæèìå.
1
À
2
3
Ðàñ÷¸ò ó÷àñòêîâ À-1 è
1-2
A
9,5+j16.2
1 11.3+j16.1 2
j0.67 j0.67
j0.64 j0.64
28.16+j15.52
12.14+j6.1
|
ðàñ÷¸òíûå äàííûå
|
À-1
|
1-2
|
R=r0*l
X=x0*l
Qc=q*l
Qc/2
|
0.249*38=9.5
0.427*38=16.2
0.0355*38=1.34
0.67
|
0.306*37=11.3
0.434*37=16.1
0.035*37=1.29
0.64
|
Ñîñòàâëÿåì áàëàíñ
ìîùíîñòåé ïî ó÷àñòêàì ñ ó÷¸òîì ïîòåðü è íàõîäèì
ìîùíîñòü ïîòðåáëÿåìóþ
îò èñòî÷íèêà:
Sp1-2=12.14+j(6.1-0.64)=12.14+j5.46
SpA-1=28.16+j(15.52-j0.67-0.64)=28.16+j14.21
Ó÷àñòîê 1-2
Sk=12.14+j5.46
DS=0.17+j0.24
Sí=12.31+j5.70
Ó÷àñòîê À-1
Sk=12.31+j5.7+28.16+j14.21=40.47+j19.9
DS=1.6+j2.72
Sí=40.47+j19.9+1.6+j2.72=42+j22.6
Sï=42+j(22.6-0.67)=42+j22.07
Sèñò=28.17+j16.2+42+j22.07=70.17+j38.27
Sk
40.47+j19.9 Sk 12.14+j5.46
70.17+j38.27 42.0+j22.6
12.31+j5.70
5.ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ
ÍÀÏÐßÆÅÍÈß ÍÀ ØÈÍÀÕ ÏÎÄÑÒÀÍÖÈÈ È ÂÛÁÎÐ ÑÏÎÑÎÁΠÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÍÀÏÐßÆÅÍÈß
Ìàêñèìàëüíûé ðåæèì:
A
4.73+j8.11 5.66+j8.03
41,18+j21.81 1
12.22+j4.91 2
7.04+j9.98 3
28.75+j13.82
U1=116-41.28*4.73+21.81*8.11/116=112.8êÂ
U2=112.8-12.22*5.66+4.91*8.03/112.8=111.84êÂ
U3=116-28.75*7.04+13.82*9.98/116=113.07êÂ
Àâàðèéíûé ðåæèì:
A 42+j22.6
9.5+j16.2 1 12.31+j5.7 11.3+j16.1
2
U1=116-42*9.5+22.6*16.2/116=109.37êÂ
U2=109.4-12.31*11.3+5.7*16.1/109.4=107.3êÂ
Âûáîð ñïîñîáîâ
ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà øèíàõ ïîäñòàíöèè:
Ïîäñòàíöèÿ 3.
0.75+j0
18+j8.7
··
28+j15.7 0.75+j29.9
·
0.75+j18.75
10+j4.9
U0=113-28*0.75+15.7*29.9/113=108.66
Ucí=0
Uíí=108.66-10*0.75+4.9*18.75=107.75
Çàäà¸ìñÿ æåëàåìûì
íàïðÿæåíèåì ÍÍ
Uæ³1,05*Uíîì.ñåòè=1.05*10=10.5êÂ
Íàïðÿæåíèå
îòâåòâëåíèÿ íà ÂÍ
Uîòâ=Uí1*Uíîì.í/Uæ=107.8*11/10.5=112.8êÂ
Ïî øêàëå Uîòâ.ñò=112.95(-1*1.78%)
Äåéñòâèòåëüíîå
íàïðÿæåíèå íà øèíàõ ÍÍ
Uäí=Uí1*Uíí.òð/Uîò.ñò=107.8*11/112.95=10.49êÂ
Çàäà¸ìñÿ æåëàåìûì
íàïðÿæåíèåì ÑÍ
Uæ.ñ=³1.05*Uí.ñåòè=1.05*35=36.75êÂ
Uä.ñ=108.7*38.5/112095=37.05êÂ
Ïîäñòàíöèÿ 1
28,1+j15.2 1.53+j29.18
·
·
Ìàêñèìàëüíûé ðåæèì
|
Àâàðèéíûé ðåæèì
|
|
Uí=11208-28.1*1.53+15.2*29.18/112.8=
=108.5êÂ
|
Uí=109.4-28.1*1.53+15.2*29.18/109.4=
=104.96êÂ
|
|
Uæ³1.05*10=10.5êÂ
|
Uæ=£1.0*10=10êÂ
|
|
Uîòâ=108.5*10.5/10.5=108.5êÂ
|
Uîòâ=104.96*10.5/10=110.2êÂ
|
|
Uîòâ.ñò106,81(-4*1.78)
|
Uäí=104.96*10.5/106.81=10.3êÂ
|
|
Uäí=108*10.5/106.81=10.6êÂ
|
|
Ïîäñòàíöèÿ 2
12,1+j5.96 3.95+j69.5
·
·
Ìàêñèìàëüíûé ðåæèì
|
Àâàðèéíûé ðåæèì
|
|
Uí=111.8-12.1*3.95+5.96*69.5/111.8=
=107.67êÂ
|
Uí=107.3-12.1*3.95+5.96*69.5/11108=
=103.17êÂ
|
|
Uæ³1.05*10=10.5êÂ
|
Uæ£1.0*10=10êÂ
|
|
Uîòâ=107.67*11/10.5=112.79êÂ
|
Uîòâ=103.17*11/10=113.48êÂ
|
|
Uîòâ.ñò=110.91(-2*1.78)
|
|
|
Uäí=107.67*11/110.91=10.6êÂ
|
Uäí=103.17*11/110.91=10.2êÂ
|
Âûâîä: Íà ïîäñòàíöèÿõ 1,2,3 â
ðàññìàòðèâàåìûõ ðåæèìàõ, èìåþùèõñÿ
íà òðàíñôîðìàòîðàõ äèàïàçîíîâ
ðåãóëèðîâêè íàïðÿæåíèÿ îêàçûâàåòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ òðåáóåìûõ óðîâíåé
íàïðÿæåíèÿ, òàê êàê
äåéñòâèòåëüíûå íàïðÿæåíèÿ
áëèçêè ê æåëàåìûì.
ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÎÉ ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÛ
1.Ðîêîòÿí Ñ.Ñ.
“Ñïðàâî÷íèê ïî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ ýëåêòðîýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ
ñèñòåì” Ì. “
Ýíåðãèÿ”,1987ã.
2. “ Ïðàâèëà
óñòðîéñòâà ýëåêòðîóñòàíîâîê” Ì. “ Ýíåðãèÿ”,1988ã.
3. Áîðîâèêîâ Â.À.
“Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèå ñèñòåìû”,1989ã.
4. Íåêëåïàåâ Á.Í.
“Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ ÷àñòü ýëåêòðîñòàíöèé è ïîäñòàíöèé” Ì.
“ Ýíåðãèÿ”,1989ã.
5. “Ýíåðãèÿ” æóðíàë
¹10 ,1996ã.
6. Íåêëåïàåâ Á.Í.
“Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ ÷àñòü ýëåêòðîñòàíöèé è ïîäñòàíöèé” Ì.
“ Ýíåðãèÿ”, 1972ã.
7. ÍÒÏ ÏÑ 1993ã.
8. “Ïðèíöèïèàëüíûå
ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñõåìû ÐÓ ÏÑ 6-750 ê”1991ã.
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© 2010 ÐÅÔÅÐÀÒÛ
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