áåñïëàòíûå ðåôåðàòû

Ñîöèàëüíûé è ÷åëîâå÷åñêèé êàïèòàë êàê ôàêòîðû áëàãîñîñòîÿíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ

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[46] Îáùèé óðîâåíü ãðàìîòíîñòè â äàííûõ èññëåäîâàíèÿõ ïîäðàçóìåâàë âûÿâëåíèå è îöåíêó ñïîñîáíîñòåé âçðîñëûõ (îò 16 äî 65 ëåò) èñïîëüçîâàòü èíôîðìàöèþ, ïîñòóïàþùóþ â íàïå÷àòàííîì èëè íàïèñàííîì âèäå. Ïðîâåðÿëèñü âîçìîæíîñòè: ïðî÷åñòü è ïîíÿòü ñâÿçíûé òåêñò; âîñïðèíèìàòü äîêëàäû, äîêóìåíòû, è äðóãèå âèäû «íåñâÿçíûõ» òåêñòîâ; îïåðèðîâàòü ÷èñëîâîé èíôîðìàöèåé, íàïðèìåð, òàáëèöàìè è ãðàôèêàìè. Ãðàìîòíîñòü îöåíèâàëàñü íå êàê äèõîòîìèÿ «ãðàìîòíûé-íåãðàìîòíûé», à êàê íàáîð èçìåðÿåìûõ íàâûêîâ.

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[59] Alexis de Tocqueville (1835) ïèñàë: «Àìåðèêàíöû ïðîòèâîñòîÿò èíäèâèäóàëèçìó ñ ïîìîùüþ ïðàâèëüíî ïîíèìàåìîãî ïðèíöèïèàëüíîãî èíòåðåñà», êîòîðûé çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â òîì, ÷òî «îíè ñàìîäîâîëüíî ïîêàçûâàþò, êàê îñíîâíàÿ çàáîòà î ñàìèõ ñåáå ïîñòîÿííî ïîäòàëêèâàåò èõ ê ïîìîùè äðóã äðóãó è âûíóæäàåò èõ äîáðîâîëüíî æåðòâîâàòü ÷àñòü ñâîåãî âðåìåíè è ñîáñòâåííîñòè âî èìÿ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ Øòàòîâ».

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[103] Ïîäâûáîðêà ïðåäûäóùåãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ, â íåå âîøëè òîëüêî òå ïàðû áëèçíåöîâ-ðîäèòåëåé, ÷èñëî ëåò îáó÷åíèÿ êîòîðûõ áûëî ïîäòâåðæäåíî èõ äåòüìè.


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1 «×åëîâå÷åñêèé êàïèòàë â Ðîññèè â 1990õ ãã.» ïîä ðåä. À.À.Ñàãðàäîâà, Ì.2000  

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